What is " Neurosurgery" ?

excise the tumors

whether brain or spinal cord tumors, is our main topic , but before we delve deeper into it, we must know what is neurosurgery?

It is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of of patients with injury to, or diseases”disorders” of the brain, spinal cord and spinal column, and peripheral nerves within all parts of the body. The specialty of neurosurgical care includes both adult and pediatric patients. Dependent upon the nature of the injury or disease a neurological surgeon may provide surgical or non-surgical care.

The Section of Neurosurgery at proliv hospital is devoted to the evaluation and treatment of pediatric and adult diseases of the central nervous system.
We use a full range of neuromedical and neurosurgical technologies to provide the most up-to-date and effective treatments for the entire spectrum of neurological disease.
Our patients are seen by a team of interdisciplinary specialists who are dedicated to the finest tradition of care.
Excise the tumors

Excise the tumors:

A tumor is a lump or mass of tissue in the body that’s not normal. Tumor excision is surgery to remove a tumor, Surgery is often used to remove all or part of the tumor. The tumor, along with a margin of normal tissue around it, is removed when possible.

Brain tumors:

  • A brain tumor occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain.
    There are two main types of tumors:
    cancerous (malignant) tumors and benign (non-cancerous) tumors.
    Cancerous tumors can be divided into primary tumors, which start within the brain, and secondary tumors, which most commonly have spread from tumors located outside the brain, known as brain metastasis tumors.
  • All types of brain tumors may produce symptoms that vary depending on the part of the brain involved ,These symptoms may include headaches, seizures, problems with vision, vomiting and men
    Many meningiomas, with the exception of some tumors located at the skull base, can be successfully removed surgically.
  • Most pituitary adenomas can be removed surgically, often using a minimally invasive approach through the nasal cavity and skull base (trans-nasal, trans-sphenoidal approach). Large pituitary adenomas require a craniotomy (opening of the skull) for their removal. Radiotherapy, including stereotactic approaches, is reserved for inoperable cases.
    The headache is classically worse in the morning and goes away with vomiting. Other symptoms may include difficulty walking, speaking or with sensations, As the disease progresses, unconsciousness may occur.
Surgery :

 

  • The primary and most desired course of action described in medical literature is surgical removal (resection) via craniotomy, Minimally invasive techniques are becoming the dominant trend in neurosurgical oncology.
  • The main objective of surgery is to remove as many tumor cells as possible, with complete removal being the best outcome and cytoreduction (“debulking”) of the tumor otherwise. In some cases access to the tumor is impossible and impedes or prohibits surgery.
  • Several current research studies aim to improve the surgical removal of brain tumors by labeling tumor cells with 5-aminolevulinic acid that causes them to fluoresce.
    Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy are integral parts of the therapeutic standard for malignant tumors. Radiotherapy may also be administered in cases of “low-grade” gliomas when a significant tumor reduction could not be achieved surgically.

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  • What is spinal tumor?

Spinal tumors are neoplasms located in either the vertebral column or the spinal cord.

There are three main types of spinal tumors classified based on their location:

extradural and intradural (intradural-intramedullary and intradural-extramedullary). Extradural tumors are located outside the dura mater lining and are most commonly metastatic.

Intradural tumors are located inside the dura mater lining and are further subdivided into intramedullary and extramedullary tumors. Intradural-intramedullary tumors are located within the dura and spinal cord parenchyma.

while intradural-extramedullary tumors are located within the dura but outside the spinal cord parenchyma.

The most common presenting symptom of spinal tumors is nocturnal back pain.Other common symptoms include muscle weakness, sensory loss, and difficulty walking.Loss of bowel and bladder control may occur during the later stages of the disease.

→ read more about cancer chemotherapy , cancer radiotherapy .

  • what is spinal cord?

The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It encloses the central canal of the spinal cord, which contains cerebrospinal fluid.

The spinal cord functions primarily in the transmission of nerve signals from the motor cortex to the body, and from the afferent fibers of the sensory neurons to the sensory cortex.

It is also a center for coordinating many reflexes and contains reflex arcs that can independently control reflexes.

Surgery :

  • Surgery has several indications depending on the type of tumor, which includes complete resection, decompression of the nerves, and stabilization.
  • An attempt at total gross resection for a possible cure is an option for patients with primary spinal cord tumors,”Extramedullary tumours are more amenable to resection than intramedullary tumours”.
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